Cognitive deficits refer to impairments in various mental processes, such as memory, attention, problem-solving, and language skills. These deficits can manifest in a variety of ways, including difficulties in learning new information, processing and understanding information, making decisions, and maintaining focus. Cognitive deficits can be caused by a number of factors, including neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injuries, developmental disorders, and mental health conditions like depression or schizophrenia. Research in this area aims to better understand the underlying causes of cognitive deficits, develop effective interventions and treatments, and improve the quality of life for individuals affected by these challenges.